Le Verbe To Have (Avoir)

Le verbe to have est l’un des verbes les plus utilisés en anglais. Il signifie avoir, mais il peut aussi servir d’auxiliaire pour former certains temps. Comme to be, il est indispensable à maîtriser dès le début de l’apprentissage.

**1. Pourquoi le verbe to have est-il important ?**

Le verbe to have s’utilise pour :

parler de la possession : I have a phone.
exprimer des relations familiales : She has a brother.
parler des caractéristiques physiques ou personnelles : They have blue eyes.
former certains temps composés : I have finished.

C’est un verbe irrégulier, donc il faut mémoriser ses formes.

**2. Conjugaison du verbe to have au présent simple (Present Simple)**

Voici les formes principales :

Sujet	Forme du verbe to have	Exemple
I	have	I have a book.
You	have	You have time.
He / She / It	has	She has a car.
We	have	We have a meeting.
You (pluriel)	have	You have questions.
They	have	They have money.

✔ À retenir

He / She / It → on ajoute -s : has.
Dans les contractions :
- I have = I’ve
- She has = She’s (attention : peut aussi vouloir dire She is)

3. La forme négative

Pour former la négation, on utilise do not / does not (car to have n’est pas un auxiliaire au présent simple) :

Affirmative	Négative longue	Négative contractée
I have	I do not have	I don’t have
You have	You do not have	You don’t have
He/She/It has	He does not have	He doesn’t have
We have	We do not have	We don’t have
They have	They do not have	They don’t have

Exemples :

I don’t have a car.
She doesn’t have time.
We don’t have any questions.

4. La forme interrogative (Questions)

Pour poser une question, on utilise do/does devant la phrase :

Affirmative	Interrogative
You have a phone.	Do you have a phone ?
He has a bicycle.	Does he have a bicycle ?
They have money.	Do they have money ?

Exemples :

Do you have brothers ?
Does she have classes today ?

5. Utilisations principales

✓ Pour exprimer la possession

I have a laptop.
They have a house.

✓ Pour la famille

She has two sisters.

✓ Pour les caractéristiques

He has black hair.

✓ Pour décrire des objets

The car has four doors.

6. Utilisation comme auxiliaire

Le verbe to have sert également à former :

➤ Le present perfect

I have eaten.
She has finished.

➤ Le past perfect

They had left.

Dans ces cas, il fonctionne comme un auxiliaire et ne signifie plus “avoir”.

7. Erreurs fréquentes à éviter

❌ She have a car
✔ She has a car.

❌ He don’t have money
✔ He doesn’t have money.

❌ Have he a phone ?
✔ Does he have a phone ?

❌ I have 20 years (erreur française)
✔ I am 20 years old.

8. Exercices pour pratiquer

Complétez avec have ou has :

He ___ a new phone.
They ___ three children.
I ___ no time today.
She ___ blue eyes.
You ___ a beautiful house.

Réponses : dans les commentaires !

Conclusion

Le verbe to have est un pilier de la grammaire anglaise. Il permet de parler de la possession, de la famille, des qualités physiques, mais aussi de construire des temps plus avancés comme le present perfect. Maîtriser ses formes affirmatives, négatives et interrogatives est essentiel pour communiquer correctement.